Assess the significance of popular pressure in bringing...

Assess the significance of popular pressure in bringing about improved representation and greater democracy in Britain in the period 1830-1931 The period of 1830-1931 saw gradual yet largely significant governmental reforms which led to an extension of the franchise from 500,000 to around 21 million. Prior to 1832, Britain’s franchise composed of a selective elite of the landowning class, however the 1832 reform act, although a disappointment in the extent of what it achieved, paved the way for further reform as it brought people together in rebellion (the Bristol Riots). This proved that popular pressure had the potential to be very successful in orchestrating parliamentary reform. The influence of pressure from outside parliament was†¦show more content†¦Whether a revolution was possible is questionable amongst historians, however as Eric Evans wrote, ‘What mattered was that enough MPs and Peers believed that it was, and acted accordingly.’2 It could also be said that unwittingly the government had evoked an atmosphere of popular pressure in Britain as everyone had seen how easily they had sur rendered to the rebels’ demands. Despite the bill’s limitations, the rioters had after all successfully achieved the first piece of legislation which was an incentive for future pressure from outside Parliament, hence quickening the process of improving representation and democracy in Britain. The Hyde Park riots of 1866 were another example of working-class radicalism in protest for reform. Similarly to the Bristol Riots, the rebels were destructive by force and although there was said to be ‘more mischief than malice’, a policeman was killed. Both the Bristol and Hyde Park riots were successful as they were each followed by a reform the next year. I believe that the main reason for the Hyde Park riots’ victory was the unification of the National Reform Union and the Reform League, two distinctively divided (in class) bodies. This demonstrated that people of different classes and backgrounds were able to unify in common aims in ways which the political parties could not. Furthermore, this alliance could be seen as a step towards democratic reform as it began toShow MoreRelatedOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagestheory currently available. What is needed is a text that will give a good idea of the breadth and complexity of this important subject, and this is precisely what McAuley, Duberley and Johnson have provided. They have done some sterling service in bringing together the very diverse strands of work that today qualify as constituting the subject of organisational theory. Whilst their writing is accessible and engaging, their approach is scholarly and serious. It is so easy for students (and indeed others

Causes Of The Great Depression And The Great Recession

1. Examine the causes of the Great Depression of the 1930s and consider what similarities and differences can be drawn with the problems from the financial and economic crisis which began in 2008. Introduction 2007-2009 in America has often been described as the worst economic crisis since the Great Depression in 1929. There was lots of debate whether the economy was slipping back to double dip recession but there is considerable evidence that the economic crisis in 2008 is worse than the crisis in 1930s. I will examine the cause of depression in 1930s and the relationship between the Great Depression and the Great Recession in 2008 comparing their similarities and differences of their facts and various aspects of America. The Great Crash The Great depression was the largest economic collapse of the 20th Century. It began in 1929 and ended in 1940. The economic depression originated in America and no one knows exactly what final event was to blame but some historians believe that the starting point was the stock market in 1929. On ‘Black’ Tuesday, October 29, 1929, a rapid fall of selling of shares in the stock exchange crushed the stock exchange. On occasion there were no offers to buy stock at all but just to sell it. And by the end of the trading session 16,410,000 shares of stock had been dumped, a number never been know before at that time. After a few weeks some $30 billion of wealth had evaporated in to air. GDP- the measure if the nation’s total output fell byShow MoreRelatedWall Street : The Great And Powerful Financial District Of The World1407 Words   |  6 Pages Wall Street is the great and powerful financial district of the world. With that statement being true Wall Street isn’t perfect. Wall Street has faced many problems throughout its existence as recessions and depressions came into play and single handedly pushed America into a financial crisis. As early as 1929 till as recent as 2008 recessions still occur and throughout the existence of Wall Street they will never stop existing. The argument of whether or not a recession could be predicted is aRead MoreThe Great Depression Of The 1930 S1476 Words   |  6 Pagesthe great depression of the 1930’s and the great recession in the United State of America. First, I’ll make a general overview of each of these two different periods and then focus on certain specific aspects during these different tim es. This will include the causes to the economic recessions witnessed, impacts of the economic recessions and the solutions that were introduced. When talking about any topic regarding American history, it would be hard not to mention the 1930’s great depression. AuthorsRead MoreThe Great Recession Essay1692 Words   |  7 Pageshistory are doomed to repeat it. This quote applies to the Great Depression of 1929 and the Great Recession of 2008. There are many similarities between the two, like the causes, the actual events, and the aftermaths. Several factors led to the Great Depression, which were the following: overproduction by business and agriculture, unequal distribution of wealth, Americans buying less, and finally, the stock market crash of 1929. The Great Recession also had similar factors leading to it, like the housingRead MoreThe Success Of The Great Recession1375 Words   |  6 PagesThe Great Recession which lasted from 2008 to 2010 is often regarded as the greatest economic crisis since the Great Depression which took place during the 1930s. The causes of both crises can be said to be similar as both lie in the actions of the federal government. While the crash of the stock market in 1929 is said to be one of the major causes and sometimes even the main cause of the Great Depression, there are also other circumstances that led to this economic crisis. Bank failures during theRead MoreThe Great Depression of the 20th century and the Great Recession of the 21st century were both600 Words   |  3 Pages The Great Depression of the 20th century and the Great Recession of the 21st century were both important economic crises in U.S. history. The Great Depression began in 1929, during the presidencies of Herbert Hoover and Franklin Roosevelt. The Great Recession of 2008 took place at the end of President George W. Bush’s presidency and at the beginning of President Obama’s presidency. The Great Depression was a long-term decline in economic activity, and the Great Recession was a business contractionRead MoreHow The Great Depression Affects The World Economy1215 Words à ‚  |  5 PagesAbstract This paper will be discussing the Great Depression; it will analyze the causes and the events that led to this depression, focusing on the role of Keynesian economics during that time. This article will briefly compare the 1920 downturn with the great recession and discuss the possibility of another depression affecting the world economy. The Great Depression The Great Depression was described as the deepest and longest-lasting economic downturn in the history of the industrialized worldRead MoreThe Great Depression : A Economic Catastrophe Of All Times1489 Words   |  6 PagesThe great depression has been considered the biggest economic catastrophe of all times, it was a crisis that affected every individual in the United States and it extended to other countries in the globe. The unemployment rate grew from 5 million of people to 13 million from 1929 to 1930. Little kids were put into headwork in order to support their families, it was a period of desperation and starvation that left a mark in American history. So what open the doors to this economic crisis? We willRead MoreThe World s Economy Was Devastated1732 Words   |  7 Pages Assignment 4 GEOG200 Bradley Bache 3129292 Submitted September 10, 2015 In 1929, the western world’s economy was devastated. With the crash of the United States Wall Street, the realm drove into what is now known as the â€Å"Great Recession†. Its neighbour to the north, Canada also felt these affects as unemployment and poverty grew. After a decade of despair, the massive rise in government spending for the Second World War and the reductions in taxes, the economies returned to prosperRead MoreThe Success Of A Recession1418 Words   |  6 Pagesroad. For example, a recession is not something that just happens over night. In the event leading up to a recession, there are many factors and every recession is unique in their own way. As for the great recession in 2008, the causes included subprime lending, and greed amongst lenders and borrowers. Before jumping straight into the causes of the 2008 recession, first you must be informed of the history in previous recessions America has had to face. Since the Great Depression ended in mid 1930’sRead MoreThe Great Depression in Cinderella Man Essay1592 Words   |  7 PagesThe Great Depression is seen as one of the most sorrowful and desolate times in the history of the United States. This time was the longest period of recession ever seen by this nation so far. It lasted from 1929 to 1939, over ten years of complete confusion and despondency within the people. Many Americans were affected greatly by this tragic time and sacrificed much of their lives so that they and their families may have the chance to live. This act of desperation can be seen throughout the movie

Strategic Management for Countdown Plans Five New Stores

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Management for Countdown Plans Five New Stores. Answer: Introduction The report focuses on evaluating the strategic planning of Countdown Supermarkets based in New Zealand. It would focus on generating an overview of the company and the retail industry of New Zealand along with conducting of effective analysis based on the use of strategic tools like PESTEL and SWOT. Effective recommendations and strategies would be generated for enhancing the business potential of the retail institution in the future period. About Countdown Countdown operates as the market leader in the supermarket category in New Zealand that serves the needs of around 2.5 million customers on a weekly basis. Countdown focuses on providing wide assortment of value based products in a personalised fashion where customers can avail the same in a convenient manner. Countdown operates through a wide network of 183 different supermarkets that are run by a group of 18,000 people. The company focuses on encouraging customers select between 20,000 different products to satiate their diversified needs. Countdown operates based on a large number of distribution centres that contribute in reaching fresh vegetables, meat products and other merchandises to a larger number of consumers(Countdown, 2016). Retail Industry in New Zealand The retail industry is observed as the largest industry that operates in the New Zealand region. The retail industry of New Zealand during 2014 is observed to employ around 186,000 different full-time equivalent employees operating across varied kinds of stores both along organised and unorganised retail. The retail industry during 2014 generated total revenue of $12.7 billion that accounted for 5.5 percent of the nations GDP. New Zealands retail sector is observed to counter potential challenges based on development of an online platform by organised retail companies and potential emergence of low cost competitor firms that focus on squeezing the revenue and profit margins on a holistic scale(Westpac, 2015). Vision Statement of Countdown The vision statement of Countdown is to sustain its market leadership in the retail sector of New Zealand. It aims in developing the retail environment for generating needed customer satisfaction through the rendering of effective product and service offerings and also through helping customers gain access to customised and branded product offerings in a convenient fashion. Countdown also aims in continually enhancing its market share in the New Zealand retail market. Mission Statement of Countdown Countdown focuses on conducting its retail operations through rendering increased significance in understanding the needs of its retail customer base. It focuses on taking business decisions based on anticipation of consumer needs and expectations. The management of Countdown potentially encourages the growth of teamwork and also focuses on developing and building the retail brand to compete with other food, grocery and other retailers on both a regional and global scale. Further, the management of Countdown also encourages its staffs to work in a safe manner in the retail workplace to safeguard themselves from emergence of occupational hazards. The management of Countdown also focuses on development of the society and community as a whole through generation of both financial and non-financial support(Westpac, 2015). Statement of Values for Countdown The statement of values for Countdown is enumerated as follows. The staffs and management of Countdown focus on operating as a potential team that focuses on exploiting potential opportunities and also in countering needed threats. Further, the internal organisational culture of Countdown focuses on showing respect for the different stakeholders like customers, vendors, supplier groups and also the internal people operating across different departments and levels. Further, the management of Countdown also focuses on developing the needed expertise and potential of the internal staffs such that they can help in generation of greater productivity and business efficiency. Similarly, the organisation also works in generating process and operational innovation such that the same helps in enhancing the operational and business environment of the business institution. The management of the retail institution also focuses on enhancing on the parameter of accountability in that the same encourages in conducting the actions in a deontological fashion for g enerating needed results. Finally, Countdown also aims in encouraging customers avail the best type of shopping experience that helps in exceeding their expectations and anticipations. Recommendations for Statement of Values Countdowns statement of values can be further enhanced based on incorporation of tools that would help in understanding the feedbacks and views of customers, staffs and other stakeholder groups within specific periods. The gaining of needed feedback would help the company management in personalising and customising the product and service offerings thereby enabling greater sales and customer satisfaction. Objectives of Countdown The strategic objectives of Countdown are effectively identified as follows. The retail organisation focuses on extending its market share and retail leadership in product sectors like food and liquor. Further, the retail institution also focuses on enhancing its product and business portfolio for potentially increasing the existing value of stocks and shares for generating increased returns to the shareholders. The management of Countdown also focuses on sustaining an effective track record for developing and innovating on the business front. Countdown also focuses for incorporating needed enablers to encourage the development of needed growth along its food and non-food retail segment(Woolworths Limited, 2012). Applicability of the Objectives The strategic objectives of Countdown Supermarket earn applicability in that it encourages the retail institution for diversifying its product portfolio which in turn would help the company for penetrating the consumer market. Increased penetration of the consumer market in turn would help in generation of needed revenues thereby contributing to increased returns to shareholders. Further, use of online and mobile technology would also help Countdown Supermarket in evaluating consumer perceptions regarding its product development and diversification initiatives. Analysis of the Internal and External Environment Analysis of the Internal Environment SWOT Analysis of Countdown Strengths Countdown Supermarket reflects essential strengths based on its operation carried out through a large number of outlets, distribution centres and also through its supply chain units. The company also encourages the incorporation and growth of needed innovation based on the development of the online foodbank in Auckland and also of the iPhone application for generating needed convenience to customers. Further, Countdown focuses on conducting its retail operations in a customised fashion through the generation of customised product offerings and loyalty cards. The supermarket also focuses on sustaining the natural environment through reducing its impacts on the nature(Countdown, 2016). Weakness The operation of Countdown Supermarkets faced potential challenges related to the failure of operation of the EFTPOS machines that made the customers face problems in the checking counters and also regarding the billing of the merchandises. The unsatisfied customers also complained of the problem associated with the EFTPOS machines on social media networks both through written posts and videos that required the company for generation of new machines in the stores(Supermarket News, 2015). Opportunity Countdown is observed to gain needed impetus for expanding and diversifying its base in New Zealand based on generation of new divisions like insurance and pharmacy. The generation of new type of product offerings by Countdown helps the supermarket in both attracting and retaining potential customers(NZHerald , 2014). Threat Supermarkets like Countdown operating in New Zealand are observed to suffer from increasing threats regarding the poisoning of infant milk and food products. The poisoning of the baby food and milk products is taken to affect the sales of the same and thereby requires the retail institutions to focus on enhancing the security aspects of the stores and also the use of CCTV surveillance in an effective fashion(HUME, 2015). Analysis of the External Environment PESTEL Analysis of Countdown Political Impacts The Commerce Commission of New Zealand has alleged Countdown for its anti-competitive behaviour against Kiwi suppliers. The commerce authority in the region has identified the retail institution for largely blackmailing and extorting Kiwi suppliers. Countdowns relationship with its suppliers is alleged on two grounds firstly for lack of effective communication and also in discussing sensitive supplier related information with its competitor firms(MCNICOL, 2014). Economic Impacts Countdown, the leading supermarket company based in New Zealand has expanded its network in the region based on opening increased outlets along different regions of the economy. The retail institution focused on expanding its base to semi-rural areas of New Zealand through the opening of around five new supermarkets during 2014. The expansion strategy of Countdown counters effectiveness in that the same helps in countering the merger and acquisition activity of other competitor firms(Adams, 2013). Social Impacts A survey conducted on the retail consumers visiting the Countdown supermarkets of New Zealand reflect that the consumers expect changes regarding customisation and value enhancement of owned branded products. The consumers also stated that they require refreshed and new designs for the different own branded products. The new designs are required to be generated for the own branded products in that the same would help the customers for easily selecting and choosing the same from a wide assortment of other branded products(The Register , 2016). Technological Impacts Countdown has launched a new online shopping application especially meant for iPhones that would help the customers in viewing and comparing prices of products and also helps them in conveniently marketing for meeting their needs and expectations. The digital shopping application generated by the retail supermarket helps in easy scanning of bar codes and also in storing information in QR Codes to be scanned through the use of QR Scanners. The technological advance contributes in helping customers gain first hand information regarding product prices and promotions and also of their bonus points and loyalty card information(Progressive Enterprises Limited, 2016). Environmental Impacts The management of Countdown effectively focuses on reducing the impacts of the retail operations on the natural environment of New Zealand through the incorporation of energy efficient lighting, cooling, and refrigeration systems and also through aiming in the reduction of carbon emissions. Increasing environmental consciousness reflected by Countdown has helped the company in fetching the Green Ribbon Award from the New Zealand government during 2016(Countdown , 2016). Legal Impacts The New Zealand based supermarket, Countdown faces ethical charges regarding the use of colony cages for storing of poultry live stocks. It is argued on ethical grounds by the New Zealand government that live stocks are better kept in battery cages than in colony cages and further it also requires the management of the retail institution to carry out regular inspection regarding the periodic inspection of live stocks kept in cages and also the removal of dead birds. The government has further required the retail institution for adopting the best practices standards regarding the storing of live stocks failing which the retail companies would be required to face prosecution charges(NZHerald, 2016). Business Strategy for Countdown The business strategy that can be effectively incorporated by Countdown Supermarket in New Zealand is essentially two faceted in nature where the organisation can focus on the development and incorporation of the multichannel marketing and retailing network and also on the use of the agile supply chain strategy. The management of Countdown can effectively focus on the employment of the multichannel marketing strategy based on the incorporation of different types of retailing channels like existing brick-and-mortar outlets, mobile and online commerce platforms through the development of applications for Smartphones and also through the use of electronic and mobile commerce and other social media network sales platforms. Further, Countdown can also focus on the development of retail kiosks for reaching its own branded products to a larger number of customers(Dahmen, 2012). The employment of the agile supply chain system needs to be encouraged for Countdown through the use of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tags and bar codes and also through the use of Point-of-Sales (POS) scanners. Use of effective ERP Systems along with the above technologies would help Countdown in effectively tracking the movement of stocks and retail merchandises along the different units like supplier stations, distribution centres and finally to and from the stores. It would help the company make supply and demand forecasting and also in inventory management activities(Min, 2015). Critical Significance for Strategy Implementation The multichannel retail strategy can be effectively implemented by Countdown Supermarket based on development of effective synergies between the different retail fronts like brick-and-mortar, website and social media marketing, electronic and mobile commerce. Different contents are required to be planned and developed for marketing products through the use of company websites, social media network platforms like Facebook and Twitter and also through the use of electronic and mobile commerce media. The development of contents depending on the retailing media helps in attracting and retaining greater number of consumers visiting such sites or networks. Further, effective software and applications are required to be developed that essentially suit the mobile and electronic platforms. Development of effective applications would enable the customer for viewing and comparing different product assortments and also for procuring the same in a convenient fashion(Dahmen, 2012). The implementation of the agile supply chain strategy requires the management of Countdown Supermarket for incorporation of different technological systems like an effective ERP Software, RFID Bar Codes and Tags and also POS machines. The integration of the above systems would help Countdown for tracking the movement of merchandises along the different business units(Min, 2015). Execution and Evaluation of Strategies The evaluation of the success or failure of the multichannel retailing and agile supply chain strategies can be carried out through the conducting of effective interviews and surveys. Conducting of focused group interviews of the retail managers along with conducting of surveys of the customers and the sales and customer servicing staffs would help in understanding the effectiveness of the strategies in enhancing business revenues, market share, customer satisfaction and also in understanding the consumer perceptions regarding new product development and diversification initiatives of the company. Conclusions The strategic analysis of Countdown Supermarket reflects that the retail institution based in New Zealand has needed potential for developing its presence in the retail market of the region. The existence of effective retail and distribution outlets help the company in adequately meeting the needs of its customers. Further, the innovation and product development and diversification potential of the company is taken to help Countdown in strategising its product and service offerings to enhance customer satisfaction. The report also reflects on two strategic undertakings like development of the agile supply chain and multichannel retailing paradigms for enhancing the existing business potential of Countdown. References Adams, C., 2013. Countdown plans five new stores. [Online] Available at: https://www.nzherald.co.nz/business/news/article.cfm?c_id=3objectid=11118947 [Accessed 22 July 2016]. Countdown , 2016. Environmental sustainability. [Online] Available at: https://www.countdown.co.nz/community-environment/environmental-sustainability [Accessed 24 July 2016]. Countdown, 2016. Our Company. [Online] Available at: https://www.countdown.co.nz/about-us/our-company [Accessed 21 July 2016]. Countdown, 2016. Our History. [Online] Available at: https://www.countdown.co.nz/about-us/our-history [Accessed 25 July 2016]. Dahmen, P., 2012. Multi-Channel Strategies for Retail Financial Services: A Management-Framework for Designing and Implementing Multi-Channel Strategies. United Kingdom: Springer Science Business Media. HUME, M., 2015. Milk poison threat affects supermarket security. [Online] Available at: https://www.stuff.co.nz/national/67256828/milk-poison-threat-affects-supermarket-security [Accessed 25 July 2016]. MCNICOL, H., 2014. Countdown cleared of anti-competitive behaviour. [Online] Available at: https://www.stuff.co.nz/business/industries/63369023/Countdown-cleared-of-anti-competitive-behaviour [Accessed 22 July 2016]. Min, H., 2015. The Essentials of Supply Chain Management: New Business Concepts and Applications. United States : FT Press. NZHerald , 2014. Countdown adds insurance services to supermarket offering. [Online] Available at: https://www.nzherald.co.nz/personal-finance/news/article.cfm?c_id=12objectid=11352267 [Accessed 7 July 2016]. NZHerald, 2016. Countdown pulls eggs after shocking footage of dead hens. [Online] Available at: https://www.nzherald.co.nz/nz/news/article.cfm?c_id=1objectid=11618114 [Accessed 25 July 2016]. Progressive Enterprises Limited, 2016. COUNTDOWN LAUNCHES SUPERMARKET SHOPPING APP. [Online] Available at: https://www.progressive.co.nz/our-company/news--media-releases/countdown-launches-supermarket-shopping-app [Accessed 24 July 2016]. Supermarket News, 2015. EFTPOS PROBLEMS FOR COUNTDOWN. [Online] Available at: https://supermarketnews.co.nz/eftpos-problems-for-countdown/ [Accessed 25 July 2016]. The Register , 2016. Countdown undergoes major revamp of in-house products. [Online] Available at: https://theregister.co.nz/news/2016/04/countdown-undergoes-major-revamp-house-products?page=103 [Accessed 24 July 2016]. Westpac, 2015. Industry Insights. New Zealand : Westpac. Woolworths Limited, 2012. Countdown serves more than 2.5 million customers every week.. [Online] Available at: https://www.woolworthslimited.com.au/page/Who_We_Are/Our_Brands/Supermarkets/Countdown/ [Accessed 22 July 2016].